举例论证是写作里最常见的论述方法。相信大家都有这样的经历:写完观点句就文思枯竭,不知该如何展开。想到“字数不够,例子来凑”这个万金油,于是大笔一挥:For example...
难道例子的作用只是凑字?衔接手段只能想到用for example?
其实例子的功能有很多,不同的功能又对应着不同的衔接手段。
我们来详细分析其中三种:
forexample/instance
such as
this is particularly/especiallythe case
一:先来讲讲大家最熟悉的for example
功能:变宽泛为具体,变抽象为具象
语境:观点句中出现——表意宽泛或抽象的词汇或概念
举个栗子:论述买进口产品的好处
观点:接触多样的外国产品使消费者有更好的生活水平。
The access to avariety of foreign products contributesto better living standards for consumers.
分析:foreign products外国产品为表意宽泛的名词复数,需要用下义词(上义词水果——下义词苹果)举例子。better living standards更好的生活水平为抽象概念,需要用事实论据具体化。
举例论证如下:
For example,/ forinstance, people in developing countries can purchase imported high-techproducts such as smartphones and computers, allowing them to enjoy cutting-edgetechnology. Those in developed worldtend to buy clothing and footwear made in countries with cheap labor, sincethese foreign manufactured goods are more cost-effective. 举例来说,发展中国家的人能够买到进口的高科技产品比如手机电脑,这使他们能享受尖端科技。发达国家的人倾向于买劳动力低廉的国家生产的服装和鞋类,因为这些外国的制成品性价比更高。
二:那么for example 和 such as 有何区别呢?
for example+完整句子
上义词,such as 下义词
来看下面的例子:
For example,/ forinstance, 【people in developing countries can purchaseimported high-tech products such as smart phones and computers, which allows themto enjoy cutting-edge technology.】→完整句子
上义词→high-tech products such as smart phonesand computers ←下义词
三:this is particularly/especially the case
功能:特定化的例子
语境:前面的观点在某个情形下尤其适用。
举个栗子:学历的重要性
观点:学历在很多职业中是必备条件。
Academicqualifications are the prerequisite in many professions
分析:这个观点尤其正确在如今这个竞争激烈的劳动力市场当中。当有数以百计的求职者追求一个岗位,一个被认可的资质能使雇佣者很快假定这个候选人是否是正确的人选(为了汉英对照方便,我采取了直译,因此不太符合汉语语言习惯)
特定化的例子:
This isparticularly/ especially the case in today’s competitive job market. When thereare hundreds of applicants chasing a position, a recognized credential is aneasy way for employers to make a quick assumption about whether or not thecandidate is a right fit.
学会了这几种举例方法,赶紧用到自己的文章中去吧~
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